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For nearly two decades, scientists have debated whether bismuth belongs to the class of topological materials—substances that act as insulators in their bulk but exhibit exceptional surface conductivity. These materials are especially promising for emerging technologies such as quantum computing and spintronics due to their robust resistance to defects.
Now, researchers from Kobe University have resolved a key piece of this puzzle. Their study reveals that the surface of bismuth conceals its true nature, masking the fact that its bulk is actually non-topological. This breakthrough, published in Physical Review B, has implications for a broad range of topological materials.
At the heart of this discovery is physicist Yuki Fuseya, who has devoted his career to studying bismuth. "I have been fascinated by bismuth and have been conducting research with the desire to know everything there is to know about the element," said Fuseya. "As a bismuth lover, I could not overlook such a situation and delved into the debate, hoping to solve the mystery."
Fuseya and his team used advanced computer modeling to analyze how the electrons behave in bismuth when accounting for a phenomenon called surface relaxation—a slight, spontaneous change in crystal structure near the material’s surface. Their results indicate that this surface relaxation creates the illusion of topological behavior on the surface, even though the interior of the material lacks these properties.
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https://github.com/JacobDWN/Super-City-Building-Master-unlimited-money-and-gems-MOD-2025 This finding challenges the long-standing principle of "bulk-edge correspondence," which assumes that the topological properties of a material’s surface reflect those of its bulk. According to Fuseya, "Our study shows that this guiding principle can be broken."
The team has named this effect "topological blocking" and suggests that it may occur in other materials beyond bismuth. As they note in their paper, the implications extend far beyond a single element and may reshape how researchers classify and understand topological materials.
"The most important thing in topological materials science is to get the topology of matter right," Fuseya emphasized. His work not only solves a long-standing debate but also lays the groundwork for identifying similar effects in other systems.
For Fuseya, the discovery is also deeply personal. "Bismuth has provided the setting for many discoveries, and history has taught us that once a phenomenon is discovered there, similar phenomena are discovered in other substances one after another," he said. "I am very happy to know that another phenomenon first discovered in bismuth has been added to that list."
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发表于 2025-5-19 07:43:42
